9 Primary Tense
1. Simple Present Tense
Explaining :
-
Something
Happens Repeatedly
-
How
often something happens
-
One
action follows anther action
-
With
verbs like (to love, to hate, to think, etc.)
Form :
Positif (+):
S + V-1
S +/- auxiliary (do/does) + bare infinitive
S + be (am/is/are)
Negatif (-):
S + auxiliary (do/does) + not + bare infinitive
S + be(am/is/are) + not
Interogatif (?):
Do/Does + S + bare infinitive
Be(am/is/are) + S
Examples :
(+) I work
(-) I don’t work
(?) do I work?
(+) He goes
(-) He doesn’t go
(?) Does he go?
2.
Past Tense
Explaining :
-
To talk about the past
-
to talk about hypotheses – things that are imagined
rather than true.
-
for politeness.
Form :
Positif (+):
S + Verb-2 (past tense)
S + be(was/were)
S + be(was/were)
Negatif (-):
S + did + not + bare infinitive
S + be(was/were) + not
S + be(was/were) + not
Interogatif (?):
Did
+ S + bare infinitive
be(was/were) + S
be(was/were) + S
Examples :
(+) I went to Jakarta yesterday
(-) I didn’t go to Jakarta yesterday
(?) did I go to Jakarta yesterday ?
3.
Present Continuous Tense
Explaining :
-
to
describe an action that is going on at this moment
-
to
describe an action that is going on during this period of time or a trend
Form :
Positif (+):
Subject + to be
+ base + ing
Negatif (-):
Subject + to be + not + base + ing
Interogatif (?):
to be + subject + base + ing
Examples :
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I am going I
am not going Am I going?
You are going You
aren't going. Are you going?
He, she, it is going He,
she, it isn't going Is he, she, it going?
4. Past Continuous Tense
Explaining :
-
Often, to describe the background in
a story written in the past tense
-
to
describe an unfinished action that was interrupted by another event or action
Forms :
Positif (+)
Subject + to be (was/were) +
verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + was/were +
not + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
was/were + subject + verb-ing +
object ?
Example :
He was sleeping
when I came (+)
– Dia sedang
tidur ketika saya datang
He was not
sleeping when I came (-)
– Dia tidak
sedang tidur ketika saya datang
Was he sleeping
when I came ?
– apakah dia
sedang tidur ketika saya datang ?
5. Present Perfect Tense
Explaining :
-
An
action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I
have lived in Bristol since 1984 (= and I still do.)
-
An
action performed during a period that has not yet finished. She has been to the
cinema twice this week (= and the week isn't over yet.)
Form :
|
positif
(+) |
S + aux. verb(have/has) + V-3/past
participle
|
|
|
negatif
(-) |
S + aux. verb(have/has) + not +
V-3/past participle
|
|
|
interogatif
(?) |
aux. verb(have/has) + S + V-3/past
participle
|
|
|
|
|
Examples :
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I have walked I
haven't walked Have I walked?
You have walked You haven't walked. Have
you walked?
6. Present Perfect
Continuous
Explaining :
-
Actions
that started in the past and continue in the present
-
Actions
that have just finished, but we are interested in the results
Forms :
|
positif
(+)
S + have/has + been +
V1-ing/present participle
|
|
|
negatif
(-)
S + have/has + not + been +
V1-ing/present participle
|
|
|
interogatif
(?)
have/has + S + been +
V1-ing/present participle
|
|
Examples :
Affirmative Negative
Interrogative
I have been
living I haven't been living Have I been living?
You have been
living You
haven't been living Have you been
living?
7. Past Perfect Tense
Explaining :
The past perfect
refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it clear that one
event happened before another in the past. It does not matter which event is
mentioned first - the tense makes it clear which one happened first.
Forms :
|
positif
(+)
S + had + past participle (V-3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
negatif
(-)
S + had + not + past participle
(V-3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
interogatif
(?)
had + S + past participle (V-3)
|
|
|
|
Examples :
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I had decided I hadn't decided Had
I decided?
You had decided You hadn't decided Had
you decided?
8. Past Perfect Continuous
Explaining :
The past perfect continuous corresponds to the present
perfect continuous, but with reference to a time earlier than 'before now'. As
with the present perfect continuous, we are more interested in the process.
Forms :
|
positif
(+)
S + had + been + V1-ing/present
participle
|
|
|
|
|
|
negatif
(-)
S + had + not + been +
V1-ing/present participle
|
|
|
|
|
|
interogatif
(?)
had + S + been + V1-ing/present
participle
|
|
|
|
Examples :
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I had been
buying I hadn't been buying Had I been buying?
You had been
buying You
hadn't been buying Had you been
buying?
9. Future Tense
Explaining :
The simple future refers to a time later than now, and
expresses facts or certainty. In this case there is no 'attitude'.
Forms :
|
positif
(+) |
S + will + bare infinitive
S + be (am/is/are) going to + bare infinitive |
|
|
|
||
|
negatif
(-) |
S + will + not + bare infinitive
S + be (am/is/are) + not + going to + bare infinitive |
|
|
|
||
|
interogatif
(?) |
Will + S + bare infinitive
Be (am/is/are) + S + going to + bare infinitive? |
|
|
|
Examples :
Affirmative Negative
Interrogative
I will see I
won't see Will I see?
You will see You
won't see Will you see?
Dikutip dari berbagai sumber :
https://www.ef.co.id/
https://www.wordsmile.com/
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/
https://www.studiobelajar.com/
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